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Virginia

The Upper South · in the Union from 1816 · seceded 1861, returned 1864 · 15 electoral votes · 1,156,175 souls (1860 census)

I · The presidential vote, left against right

Virginia · left-bloc shareseceded0257510018161820182418281832183618401844184818521856186018641868501816: left bloc 48.7%1820: left bloc 50.4%1824: left bloc 48.9%1828: left bloc 45.7%1832: left bloc 45.6%1836: left bloc 41.0%1840: left bloc 44.1%1844: left bloc 31.9%1848: left bloc 50.0%1852: left bloc 45.1%1856: left bloc 47.9%1860: left bloc 4.4%1864: left bloc 35.5%

The gold line is the left bloc's share of the vote — parties left of the spectrum midline against everything from the midline rightward. Hover, tap or tab a cycle for the posted board.

II · The House delegation, cycle by cycle

Virginia · House delegation02575100161820222426283032343638404244464850525456586062646668501816 delegation1818 delegation1820 delegation1822 delegation1824 delegation1826 delegation1828 delegation1830 delegation1832 delegation1834 delegation1836 delegation1838 delegation1840 delegation1842 delegation1844 delegation1846 delegation1848 delegation1850 delegation1852 delegation1854 delegation1856 delegation1858 delegation1860 delegation1864 delegation1866 delegation

Each line is a party's share of the delegation's seats — above the dashed rule, one party holds the house alone. Hover, tap or tab a cycle to post its full slate.

III · Party control, cycle by cycle

Virginia · party controloutside the union161820222426283032343638404244464850525456586062646668Presidential voteNatNat1816 · President John Quincy Adams · Fed — 51.3% Thomas Worthington · Adm — 48.7%1818 · President Federalist — held — no race1820 · President Henry Clay · Adm — 50.4% John Sergeant · Nat — 49.6%1822 · President Admissionist — held — no race1824 · President Francis S. Key · Nat — 51.1% Henry Clay · Adm — 48.9%1826 · President National — held — no race1828 · President Alexander Macomb · Nat — 54.3% Andrew Jackson · Rad — 45.7%1830 · President National — held — no race1832 · President Alexander Macomb · Nat — 54.4% DeWitt Clinton · Rad — 45.6%1834 · President National — held — no race1836 · President Zachary Taylor · Nat — 59.0% Karl von Weishaupt · Lib — 41.0%1838 · President National — held — no race1840 · President Zachary Taylor · Nat — 55.9% Sam Houston · Lib — 44.1%1842 · President National — held — no race1844 · President James Buchanan · UC — 39.6% J.B. Stoner · Lib — 31.9% Daniel Webster · Nat — 28.5%1846 · President Union Conservative — held — no race1848 · President James A. Pearce · Nat — 50.0% J.B. Stoner · Lib — 50.0%1850 · President National — held — no race1852 · President James A. Pearce · Nat — 54.9% Samuel Houston · Lib — 45.1%1854 · President National — held — no race1856 · President John Motley Morehead · Nat — 52.1% Preston Brooks · Lib — 47.9% James A. Pearce · PopDem — 0.0%1858 · President National — held — no race1860 · President Thomas F. Bowie · SN — 54.4% Daniel F. Webster · Nat — 41.2% Abraham Lincoln · PopDem — 4.4%1862 · President Outside the Union — seceded 18611864 · President Robert E. Lee · Nat — 64.5% Abraham Lincoln · PopDem — 35.5%1866 · President National — held — no race1868 · President National — held — no raceGovernorToryNat1816 · Governor Cavalier · CV — 52.5% Admissionist · Adm — 26.5% Republican · Rep — 20.9% Roundhead · RH — 0.0%1818 · Governor Cavalier Federalist — held — no race1820 · Governor Tory · Tory — 58.4% Republican · Rep — 21.5% Admissionist · Adm — 20.1% National · Nat — 0.0%1822 · Governor Tory — held — no race1824 · Governor Tory · Tory — 44.8% Admissionist · Adm — 28.4% Republican · Rep — 26.8% National · Nat — 0.0%1826 · Governor Tory — held — no race1828 · Governor National · Nat — 28.9% Whig · Whig — 26.7% Radical · Rad — 26.0% Tory · Tory — 18.4%1830 · Governor National — held — no race1832 · Governor Whig · Whig — 36.4% National · Nat — 31.6% Radical · Rad — 28.2% Tory · Tory — 3.9%1834 · Governor Whig — held — no race1836 · Governor Liberal · Lib — 50.7% National · Nat — 49.3%1838 · Governor Liberal — held — no race1840 · Governor National · Nat — 52.6% Liberal · Lib — 47.4%1842 · Governor National — held — no race1844 · Governor National · Nat — 52.3% Liberal · Lib — 47.7%1846 · Governor National — held — no race1848 · Governor National · Nat — 53.4% Liberal · Lib — 46.6%1850 · Governor National — held — no race1852 · Governor Liberal · Lib — 50.7% National · Nat — 49.3% Popular Democratic · PopDem — 0.0%1854 · Governor Liberal — held — no race1856 · Governor National · Nat — 46.8% Liberal · Lib — 45.7% Popular Democratic · PopDem — 7.5%1858 · Governor National — held — no race1860 · Governor National · Nat — 81.7% Popular Democratic · PopDem — 18.3%1862 · Governor Outside the Union — seceded 18611864 · Governor Popular Democratic · PopDem — 50.6% National · Nat — 49.4%1866 · Governor Popular Democratic — held — no race1868 · Governor Popular Democratic — held — no raceSenate · seat 1NatLibNat1816 · Senate seat 1 Roundhead · RH — 31.9% Republican · Rep — 28.3% Admissionist · Adm — 27.2% Cavalier · CV — 12.6%1818 · Senate seat 1 Roundhead Federalist — held — no race1820 · Senate seat 1 National · Nat — 35.0% Admissionist · Adm — 29.6% Republican · Rep — 28.3% Tory · Tory — 7.0%1822 · Senate seat 1 National — held — no race1824 · Senate seat 1 Admissionist · Adm — 38.7% National · Nat — 38.1% Republican · Rep — 17.3% Tory · Tory — 5.9%1826 · Senate seat 1 Admissionist — held — no race1828 · Senate seat 1 National · Nat — 37.2% Radical · Rad — 32.1% Whig · Whig — 26.7% Tory · Tory — 4.0%1830 · Senate seat 1 National — held — no race1832 · Senate seat 1 National · Nat — 39.3% Whig · Whig — 38.4% Radical · Rad — 19.1% Tory · Tory — 3.2%1834 · Senate seat 1 National — held — no race1836 · Senate seat 1 National · Nat — 53.1% Liberal · Lib — 46.9%1838 · Senate seat 1 National — held — no race1840 · Senate seat 1 Liberal · Lib — 50.8% National · Nat — 49.2%1842 · Senate seat 1 Liberal — held — no race1844 · Senate seat 1 Liberal · Lib — 60.6% National · Nat — 39.4%1846 · Senate seat 1 Liberal — held — no race1848 · Senate seat 1 National · Nat — 51.8% Liberal · Lib — 48.2%1850 · Senate seat 1 National — held — no race1852 · Senate seat 1 National · Nat — 54.6% Liberal · Lib — 34.4% Popular Democratic · PopDem — 11.1%1854 · Senate seat 1 National — held — no race1856 · Senate seat 1 National · Nat — 46.7% Liberal · Lib — 40.8% Popular Democratic · PopDem — 12.5%1858 · Senate seat 1 National — held — no race1860 · Senate seat 1 National · Nat — 77.4% Popular Democratic · PopDem — 22.6%1862 · Senate seat 1 Outside the Union — seceded 18611864 · Senate seat 1 Popular Democratic · PopDem — 55.4% National · Nat — 44.6%1866 · Senate seat 1 Popular Democratic — held — no race1868 · Senate seat 1 Popular Democratic — held — no raceSenate · seat 2NatNatNat1816 · Senate seat 2 No race1818 · Senate seat 2 Admissionist · Adm — 35.7% National · Nat — 28.0% Republican · Rep — 24.9% Tory · Tory — 11.4%1820 · Senate seat 2 Admissionist — held — no race1822 · Senate seat 2 National · Nat — 35.8% Admissionist · Adm — 32.4% Republican · Rep — 17.0% Tory · Tory — 14.7%1824 · Senate seat 2 National — held — no race1826 · Senate seat 2 National · Nat — 39.4% Republican · Rep — 24.7% Admissionist · Adm — 20.1% Tory · Tory — 15.8%1828 · Senate seat 2 National — held — no race1830 · Senate seat 2 National · Nat — 43.3% Whig · Whig — 29.4% Radical · Rad — 21.7% Tory · Tory — 5.5%1832 · Senate seat 2 National — held — no race1834 · Senate seat 2 Whig · Whig — 40.5% National · Nat — 34.4% Radical · Rad — 20.8% Tory · Tory — 4.3%1836 · Senate seat 2 Whig — held — no race1838 · Senate seat 2 National · Nat — 50.6% Liberal · Lib — 49.4%1840 · Senate seat 2 National — held — no race1842 · Senate seat 2 National · Nat — 50.0% Liberal · Lib — 50.0%1844 · Senate seat 2 National — held — no race1846 · Senate seat 2 National · Nat — 54.2% Liberal · Lib — 45.8%1848 · Senate seat 2 National — held — no race1850 · Senate seat 2 Liberal · Lib — 51.1% National · Nat — 48.9%1852 · Senate seat 2 Liberal — held — no race1854 · Senate seat 2 National · Nat — 48.2% Liberal · Lib — 39.5% Popular Democratic · PopDem — 12.3%1856 · Senate seat 2 National — held — no race1858 · Senate seat 2 National · Nat — 78.7% Popular Democratic · PopDem — 21.3%1860 · Senate seat 2 National — held — no race1862 · Senate seat 2 Outside the Union — seceded 18611864 · Senate seat 2 No race1866 · Senate seat 2 Popular Democratic · PopDem — 52.3% National · Nat — 47.7%1868 · Senate seat 2 Popular Democratic — held — no raceHouse delegationNat1816 · House Roundhead Federalist — 8 seats · 35% Admissionist — 7 seats · 30% Republican — 6 seats · 26% Cavalier Federalist — 2 seats · 9%1818 · House Admissionist — 8 seats · 35% Republican — 6 seats · 26% National — 6 seats · 26% Tory — 3 seats · 13%1820 · House National — 8 seats · 35% Admissionist — 7 seats · 30% Republican — 6 seats · 26% Tory — 2 seats · 9%1822 · House National — 8 seats · 38% Admissionist — 7 seats · 33% Republican — 3 seats · 14% Tory — 3 seats · 14%1824 · House Admissionist — 8 seats · 38% National — 8 seats · 38% Republican — 4 seats · 19% Tory — 1 seat · 5%1826 · House National — 8 seats · 38% Admissionist — 5 seats · 24% Republican — 5 seats · 24% Tory — 3 seats · 14%1828 · House National — 8 seats · 38% Radical — 7 seats · 33% Whig — 6 seats · 29%1830 · House National — 9 seats · 43% Whig — 6 seats · 29% Radical — 5 seats · 24% Tory — 1 seat · 5%1832 · House Whig — 7 seats · 39% National — 7 seats · 39% Radical — 3 seats · 17% Tory — 1 seat · 6%1834 · House Whig — 7 seats · 39% National — 6 seats · 33% Radical — 4 seats · 22% Tory — 1 seat · 6%1836 · House National — 10 seats · 56% Liberal — 8 seats · 44%1838 · House National — 9 seats · 50% Liberal — 9 seats · 50%1840 · House National — 9 seats · 50% Liberal — 9 seats · 50%1842 · House National — 9 seats · 53% Liberal — 8 seats · 47%1844 · House Liberal — 10 seats · 59% National — 7 seats · 41%1846 · House National — 9 seats · 53% Liberal — 8 seats · 47%1848 · House National — 9 seats · 53% Liberal — 8 seats · 47%1850 · House Liberal — 9 seats · 53% National — 8 seats · 47%1852 · House National — 8 seats · 53% Liberal — 5 seats · 33% Popular Democratic — 2 seats · 13%1854 · House National — 7 seats · 47% Liberal — 6 seats · 40% Popular Democratic — 2 seats · 13%1856 · House National — 7 seats · 47% Liberal — 6 seats · 40% Popular Democratic — 2 seats · 13%1858 · House National — 13 seats · 93% Popular Democratic — 1 seat · 7%1860 · House National — 13 seats · 93% Popular Democratic — 1 seat · 7%1862 · House Outside the Union — seceded 18611864 · House Popular Democratic — 8 seats · 62% National — 5 seats · 38%1866 · House Popular Democratic — 7 seats · 54% National — 6 seats · 46%1868 · House No raceState legislatureNat1816 · Legislature Roundhead Federalist — 8 seats · 33% Admissionist — 7 seats · 29% Republican — 7 seats · 29% Cavalier Federalist — 2 seats · 8%1818 · Legislature Admissionist — 9 seats · 36% National — 7 seats · 28% Republican — 6 seats · 24% Tory — 3 seats · 12%1820 · Legislature National — 9 seats · 36% Admissionist — 7 seats · 28% Republican — 7 seats · 28% Tory — 2 seats · 8%1822 · Legislature National — 9 seats · 36% Admissionist — 8 seats · 32% Republican — 4 seats · 16% Tory — 4 seats · 16%1824 · Legislature Admissionist — 10 seats · 40% National — 10 seats · 40% Republican — 4 seats · 16% Tory — 1 seat · 4%1826 · Legislature National — 10 seats · 40% Republican — 6 seats · 24% Admissionist — 5 seats · 20% Tory — 4 seats · 16%1828 · Legislature National — 9 seats · 36% Radical — 8 seats · 32% Whig — 7 seats · 28% Tory — 1 seat · 4%1830 · Legislature National — 12 seats · 48% Whig — 7 seats · 28% Radical — 5 seats · 20% Tory — 1 seat · 4%1832 · Legislature Whig — 10 seats · 40% National — 10 seats · 40% Radical — 5 seats · 20%1834 · Legislature Whig — 10 seats · 40% National — 9 seats · 36% Radical — 5 seats · 20% Tory — 1 seat · 4%1836 · Legislature National — 13 seats · 52% Liberal — 12 seats · 48%1838 · Legislature National — 10 seats · 56% Liberal — 8 seats · 44%1840 · Legislature Liberal — 13 seats · 52% National — 12 seats · 48%1842 · Legislature National — 13 seats · 52% Liberal — 12 seats · 48%1844 · Legislature Liberal — 15 seats · 60% National — 10 seats · 40%1846 · Legislature National — 14 seats · 56% Liberal — 11 seats · 44%1848 · Legislature National — 13 seats · 52% Liberal — 12 seats · 48%1850 · Legislature Liberal — 13 seats · 52% National — 12 seats · 48%1852 · Legislature National — 14 seats · 56% Liberal — 9 seats · 36% Popular Democratic — 2 seats · 8%1854 · Legislature National — 12 seats · 48% Liberal — 10 seats · 40% Popular Democratic — 3 seats · 12%1856 · Legislature National — 12 seats · 48% Liberal — 10 seats · 40% Popular Democratic — 3 seats · 12%1858 · Legislature National — 20 seats · 80% Popular Democratic — 5 seats · 20%1860 · Legislature National — 19 seats · 76% Popular Democratic — 6 seats · 24%1862 · Legislature Outside the Union — seceded 18611864 · Legislature Popular Democratic — 14 seats · 56% National — 11 seats · 44%1866 · Legislature Popular Democratic — 13 seats · 52% National — 12 seats · 48%1868 · Legislature No race

Pick a cycle — hover, tap, or tab to one — to post its record: winners, margins, and seats as the results were filed.

  • Radical (Rad)
  • Popular Democratic (PopDem)
  • Admissionist (Adm)
  • Liberal (Lib)
  • Whig (Whig)
  • Republican (Rep)
  • Union Conservative (UC)
  • National (Nat)
  • Roundhead Federalist (RH)
  • Federalist (Fed)
  • Tory (Tory)
  • Southern National (SN)
  • Cavalier Federalist (CV)

Bars run from the election that won them to the next: an office keeps its last winner's colour until the state votes again, and the gold notches mark those elections. Mid-term party changes — collapses, secessions — left no election record and cannot be drawn.

Seceded in 1861 and returned for the 1864 elections; no Union offices were contested here in between.

Senators seated alongside a debut or readmission were appointed for want of an election post — the senate rows stay blank by design.